Mugihe ibihugu bihanganye nikibazo cyo gukomezaikibazo cy'ubukungu, ingaruka zirimo kugaragara mu nzego zitandukanye, biganisha ku gushidikanya gukabije no kugorana. Ikibazo cyakajije umurego mu guhuza ibintu birimo ifaranga ry’ifaranga, ihungabana ry’ibicuruzwa, hamwe n’imivurungano ya geopolitike, byatumye guverinoma n’ibigo by’imari bifata ingamba zihutirwa zo guhungabanya ubukungu bwabo.
Kwiyongera kw'ifaranga
Kimwe mu bibazo by’ingutu bigira uruhare mu ihungabana ry’ubukungu muri iki gihe ni izamuka ry’ifaranga. Mu bihugu byinshi, igipimo cy’ifaranga kigeze ku ntera itagaragara mu myaka mirongo. Kurugero, muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika, igipimo cyibiciro by’umuguzi (CPI) cyazamutse cyane, bitewe n’ibiciro byiyongereye mu mbaraga, ibiryo, n’imiturire. Uyu muvuduko w'ifaranga watakaje imbaraga zo kugura, bituma abaguzi baharanira kugura ibikenerwa by'ibanze. Amabanki yo hagati, harimo na Banki nkuru y’igihugu, yashubije azamura igipimo cy’inyungu mu rwego rwo gukumira ifaranga ry’ifaranga, ariko ibi byatumye kandi amafaranga menshi yo kuguriza ku bantu ndetse no ku bucuruzi.
Tanga Urunigi
Hiyongereyeho ikibazo cy’ifaranga rikomeje guhungabana mu bucuruzi ku isi hose. Icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyagaragaje intege nke mu gutanga amasoko, kandi mu gihe hari gukira kwabayeho, hagaragaye ibibazo bishya. Gufunga ahakorerwa inganda zikomeye, kubura abakozi, no kugabanya ibikoresho byose byagize uruhare mu gutinda no kongera ibiciro. Inganda nkimodoka na elegitoroniki zaribasiwe cyane, nababikora ntibashobora kubona ibintu byingenzi. Nkigisubizo, abaguzi bahura nigihe kirekire cyo gutegereza ibicuruzwa, kandi ibiciro bikomeza kuzamuka.
Impagarara za geopolitiki
Impagarara za geopolitike zarushijeho kugora imiterere yubukungu. Amakimbirane muri Ukraine yagize ingaruka zikomeye, cyane cyane ku masoko y'ingufu. Ibihugu by’i Burayi, bishingiye cyane kuri gaze y’Uburusiya, byabaye ngombwa ko bishakira ubundi buryo bw’ingufu, bigatuma ibiciro byiyongera ndetse n’umutekano muke w’ingufu. Byongeye kandi, umubano w’ubucuruzi hagati y’ubukungu bukomeye nka Amerika n’Ubushinwa, ukomeje kuba mubi, kubera ko imisoro n’inzitizi z’ubucuruzi bigira ingaruka ku bucuruzi bw’isi. Izi mpamvu za geopolitike zashizeho ibidukikije bidashidikanywaho, bituma bigora ubucuruzi gutegura ejo hazaza.
Ibisubizo bya Guverinoma
Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’iki kibazo, guverinoma ku isi zirimo gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zitandukanye zo gushyigikira ubukungu bwabo. Ibikoresho bya Stimulus bigamije gutanga ubufasha bwamafaranga kubantu nubucuruzi byatangijwe mubihugu byinshi. Kurugero, kwishura amafaranga ataziguye, inyungu zubushomeri, ninkunga kubucuruzi buciriritse birakoreshwa kugirango hagabanuke ingaruka zizamuka ryibiciro. Icyakora, ingamba z’izo ngamba zirimo gusuzumwa, kubera ko bamwe bavuga ko zishobora kugira uruhare mu kuzamuka kw’ifaranga mu gihe kirekire.
Kureba imbere
Mu gihe isi igenda igendana n’ubukungu bugoye, abahanga baraburira ko inzira yo gukira izaba ndende kandi yuzuyemo ibibazo. Abashakashatsi mu by'ubukungu bavuga ko ifaranga rishobora gukomeza kuzamuka mu gihe kiri imbere, kandi ko ubukungu bwifashe nabi cyane. Abashoramari barasabwa guhuza n’imihindagurikire y’isoko, mu gihe abaguzi basabwa kwitondera amafaranga bakoresha.
Umwanzuro
Mu gusoza, ikibazo cy’ubukungu kiriho ni ikibazo cy’ibice byinshi bisaba imbaraga zahujwe na guverinoma, ubucuruzi, n'abantu ku giti cyabo. Mu gihe ubukungu bw’isi bukomeje guhura n’ibibazo, guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihugu bizageragezwa. Amezi ari imbere azagira uruhare runini mu kumenya uburyo ibihugu byakemura neza ibyo bibazo kandi bigatanga inzira y'ejo hazaza heza mu bukungu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-29-2024