Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwamabuye ya titanium kwisi, bumwe ni rutile ubundi ni ilmenite. Rutile ahanini ni minerval yuzuye irimo dioxyde ya titanium irenga 90%, kandi ibirimo fer na karubone muri ilmenite ahanini ni kimwe cya kabiri nigice.
Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwinganda zo gutegura titanium nugusimbuza atome ya ogisijeni muri dioxyde ya titanium na gaze ya chlorine kugirango ikore titanium chloride, hanyuma ukoreshe magnesium nkigikoresho cyo kugabanya titanium. Titanium yakozwe muri ubu buryo ni sponge-isa, nanone yitwa sponge titanium.
Sponge ya Titanium irashobora gukorwa gusa muri titanium hamwe na plaque ya titanium kugirango ikoreshwe mu nganda nyuma yuburyo bubiri bwo gushonga. Kubwibyo, nubwo ibikubiye muri titanium biza kumwanya wa cyenda kwisi, gutunganya no gutunganya biragoye cyane, igiciro cyacyo nacyo kiri hejuru.
Kugeza ubu, igihugu gifite umutungo wa titanium mwinshi ku isi ni Ositaraliya, gikurikirwa n'Ubushinwa. Byongeye kandi, Uburusiya, Ubuhinde na Amerika nabyo bifite ubutunzi bwinshi bwa titanium. Ariko ubutare bwa titanium mu Bushinwa ntabwo buri mu rwego rwo hejuru, bityo buracyakeneye gutumizwa ku bwinshi.
Inganda za Titanium, icyubahiro cy’Abasoviyeti
Mu 1954, Inama y’abaminisitiri y’Abasoviyeti yafashe icyemezo cyo gushinga inganda za titanium, maze mu 1955, hubakwa toni igihumbi ya VSMPO magnesium-titanium. Mu 1957, VSMPO yahujwe n’uruganda rukora ibikoresho by’indege rwa AVISMA maze ishinga uruganda rukora inganda za VSMPO-AVISMA, arirwo ruzwi cyane rwa Avi Sima Titanium. Inganda za titanium zahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti zari ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi kuva yashingwa, kandi yarazwe n'Uburusiya kugeza ubu.
Avisma Titanium kuri ubu ni nini nini ku isi, inganda zose zitunganya inganda za titanium. Numushinga uhuriweho kuva gushonga ibikoresho fatizo kugeza ibikoresho bya titanium birangiye, kimwe no gukora ibice binini bya titanium. Titanium irakomeye kuruta ibyuma, ariko ubushyuhe bwayo bwumuriro ni 1/4 gusa cyicyuma na 1/16 cya aluminium. Muburyo bwo gukata, ubushyuhe ntabwo bworoshye gusohora, kandi ntabwo ari inshuti kubikoresho nibikoresho byo gutunganya. Mubisanzwe, titanium alloys ikorwa mukongeramo ibindi bintu bya titanium kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa bitandukanye.
Ukurikije ibiranga titanium, icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti cyakoze ubwoko butatu bwa titanium ivanze ku mpamvu zitandukanye. Imwe ni iyo gutunganya amasahani, imwe ni iyo gutunganya ibice, indi ni iyo gutunganya imiyoboro. Ukurikije imikoreshereze itandukanye, ibikoresho bya titanium yu Burusiya bigabanijwemo 490MPa, 580MPa, 680MPa, 780MPa amanota. Kugeza ubu, 40% by'ibice bya titanium ya Boeing hamwe na 60% by'ibikoresho bya titanium ya Airbus bitangwa n'Uburusiya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-24-2022