Ubwoko butandukanye bwimashini ikora
Mugihe cyo gukora igice, ibikorwa bitandukanye byo gutunganya nibikorwa birakenewe kugirango ukureho ibintu birenze. Ubusanzwe ibyo bikorwa ni imashini kandi bikubiyemo ibikoresho byo gukata, ibiziga byangiza, na disiki, nibindi. Ibikorwa byo gukora imashini birashobora gukorwa kumasoko yimigabane nkutubari n'amagorofa cyangwa birashobora gukorerwa kubice byakozwe nuburyo bwambere bwo gukora nko guta cyangwa gusudira. Hamwe niterambere rya vuba ryinganda ziyongera, gutunganya byatinze byitwa inzira "gukuramo" kugirango isobanure ibikoresho byayo kugirango ikore igice cyuzuye.
Ubwoko butandukanye bwimashini ikora
Uburyo bubiri bwibanze bwo gutunganya burimo guhinduka no gusya - byamanutse hepfo. Ibindi bikorwa rimwe na rimwe bisa nibi bikorwa cyangwa bigakorwa nibikoresho byigenga. Urugero rwa bito, kurugero, rushobora gushyirwaho umusarani ukoreshwa muguhindura cyangwa gukomeretsa mumashini. Igihe kimwe, hashobora gukorwa itandukaniro hagati yo guhinduka, aho igice kizunguruka, no gusya, aho igikoresho kizunguruka. Ibi byahinduye bimwe muburyo haje ibigo byo gutunganya no guhinduranya ibigo bifite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibikorwa byose byimashini kugiti cye mumashini imwe.
Guhindukira
Guhindukira ni uburyo bwo gutunganya bukorwa na lathe; umusarani uzunguruka akazi nkuko ibikoresho byo gukata bigenda hejuru yacyo. Ibikoresho byo gukata bikora kumashoka abiri yimikorere kugirango ukore ibice bifite ubujyakuzimu n'ubugari. Imisarani iraboneka muburyo bubiri butandukanye, gakondo, ubwoko bwintoki, nubwoko bwikora, CNC.Inzira yo guhinduka irashobora gukorwa haba hanze cyangwa imbere mubintu. Iyo bikozwe imbere, bizwi nka "kurambirana" - ubu buryo bukoreshwa cyane mugukora ibice byigituba. Ikindi gice cyibikorwa byo guhinduka cyitwa "guhangana" kandi kibaho mugihe igikoresho cyo gukata kinyuze kumpera yakazi - mubisanzwe bikorwa mugihe cyambere nicyanyuma cyimpinduka. Guhangana birashobora gukoreshwa gusa mugihe umusarani urimo kwambukiranya. Byakoreshwaga kubyara datum mumaso ya casting cyangwa imiterere yimigabane ihanamye kumurongo uzunguruka.
Ubusanzwe imisarani igaragara nkimwe mubintu bitatu bitandukanye - imisarani ya tarret, imisarani ya moteri, hamwe nudusanduku twihariye. Imashini ya moteri nubwoko busanzwe buboneka mugukoresha imashini rusange cyangwa hobbyist. Turret Lathes hamwe nintego zidasanzwe zikoreshwa cyane mubisabwa bisaba guhora ukora ibice. Umusarani wa tarret urimo igikoresho gifata imashini ituma imashini ikora ibikorwa byinshi byo gukata bikurikiranye nta nkomyi yabashinzwe. Umusarani wihariye udasanzwe urimo, kurugero, disikuru ningoma yingoma, igaraje ryimodoka ryakoresha muguhindura ubuso bwibigize feri.
Ibigo bya CNC bihindura ibigo bihuza imitwe yumurizo hamwe numurizo wumusarani winyongera hamwe nishoka ya spindle kugirango ishobore gutunganya neza ibice bifite ibizunguruka (pompe impellers, urugero) byahujwe nubushobozi bwo gusya kugirango butange ibintu bigoye. Imirongo igoye irashobora gushirwaho muguhinduranya ibihangano binyuze muri arc mugihe icyuma gisya kigenda munzira zitandukanye, inzira izwi nka 5 axis machining.
Gucukura / Kurambirana / Gusubiramo
Gucukura bitanga umwobo wa silindrike mubikoresho bikomeye ukoresheje bits ya drill-ni imwe mubikorwa byingenzi byo gutunganya kuko ibyobo byakozwe akenshi bigamije gufasha guterana. Imashini ikora imyitozo ikoreshwa kenshi ariko bits zirashobora no gushirwa mumisarani. Mubikorwa byinshi byo gukora, gucukura nintambwe yambere yo kubyara ibyobo byarangiye, bigahita bikurikiranwa, bigahinduka, bikarambirwa, nibindi kugirango habeho umwobo cyangwa kuzana ibipimo byubworoherane byemewe. Imyitozo ya drill isanzwe ikata umwobo uruta ubunini bwizina ryabo hamwe nu mwobo bitagomba byanze bikunze kugororoka cyangwa kuzenguruka bitewe nuburyo bworoshye bwa bito hamwe nubushake bwo gufata inzira yuburwanya. Kubera iyo mpamvu, gucukura mubisanzwe byerekanwe munsi hanyuma bigakurikirwa nubundi buryo bwo gutunganya ibintu bujyana umwobo kugeza kurwego rwarwo.
Nubwo gucukura no kurambirana akenshi bitera urujijo, kurambirwa bikoreshwa mugutunganya ibipimo nukuri kwumwobo wacukuwe. Imashini zirambirana ziza muburyo butandukanye bitewe nubunini bwakazi. Urusyo rurambiranye rukoreshwa mugukora imashini nini cyane, ziremereye aho akazi kahindukira mugihe igikoresho kirambiranye gihagaze. Urusyo rurambiranye rutambitse hamwe na jig borers bifata akazi gahagaze kandi bakazenguruka igikoresho cyo gutema. Kurambirwa bikorwa no mu musarani cyangwa mu kigo gikora imashini. Gukata kurambirana mubisanzwe ukoresha ingingo imwe kugirango imashini kuruhande rwumwobo, itume igikoresho gikora cyane kuruta imyitozo. Imyobo ifite amabara muri casting isanzwe irangizwa no kurambirana.
Gusya
Gusya ikoresha kuzunguruka kugirango ikureho ibikoresho, bitandukanye no guhindura ibikorwa aho igikoresho kitazunguruka. Imashini gakondo yo gusya igaragaramo ameza yimuka aho imirimo ikorerwa. Kuri izo mashini, ibikoresho byo gukata birahagaze kandi imbonerahamwe yimura ibikoresho kugirango ibice byifuzwa bikorwe. Ubundi bwoko bwimashini zisya ziranga ameza nibikoresho byo gukata nkibikoresho byimuka.
Ibikorwa bibiri by'ingenzi byo gusya ni ugusya ibisate no gusya mu maso. Gusya kw'ibisate bifashisha impande zose zogusya kugirango ukore planari hejuru yumurimo. Inzira zingenzi mumashanyarazi zirashobora gucibwa ukoresheje icyuma gisa nubwo kimwe kigufi kuruta icyapa gisanzwe. Gukata mu maso ahubwo ukoreshe impera yo gusya. Imashini zidasanzwe ziraboneka kubikorwa bitandukanye, nk'imipira-izuru ishobora gukoreshwa mu gusya imifuka igoramye.
Bimwe mubikorwa imashini isya ishoboye gukora harimo gutegura, gukata, kurigata, kugendagenda, kurohama, nibindi, gukora imashini yo gusya kimwe mubikoresho byoroshye mububiko bwimashini.
Hariho ubwoko bune bwimashini zisya - imashini zogusya intoki, imashini zogusya zisanzwe, imashini zogusya kwisi yose, hamwe nimashini zisya kwisi - kandi ziranga ibice bitambitse cyangwa ibishishwa byashyizwe kumurongo uhagaze. Nkuko byari byitezwe, imashini isya yisi yose yemerera ibikoresho byo guca vertical na horizontal igizwe nogukora, bigatuma iba imwe mumashini isya kandi yoroshye iboneka.
Kimwe no guhinduranya ibigo, imashini zisya zishobora kubyara urukurikirane rwibikorwa kuruhande rutabigizemo uruhare birasanzwe kandi bikunze kwitwa ibigo bihagaritse kandi bitambitse. Ntabwo buri gihe bishingiye kuri CNC.
