Kurwanya ruswa
Ibintu nyamukuru bivanga ni umuringa, chromium na molybdenum. Ifite ibintu byiza byuzuye kandi irwanya aside itandukanye hamwe no kwangirika. Porogaramu ya mbere (yakozwe muri Amerika muri 1905) ni nikel-umuringa (Ni-Cu), izwi kandi nka Monel alloy (Monel alloy Ni 70 Cu30); hiyongereyeho, nikel-chromium (Ni-Cr) ivanze (ni ukuvuga, nikel ishingiye ku bushyuhe bwa nikel), ibinyobwa bidashobora kwangirika kwangirika kwangirika kwangirika kwangirika), nikel-molybdenum (Ni-Mo) ibinyobwa (cyane cyane) bivuga urukurikirane rwa Hastelloy B), nikel-chromium-molybdenum (Ni-Cr-Mo) ibinyobwa (cyane cyane bivuga urukurikirane rwa Hastelloy C), nibindi.
Muri icyo gihe, nikel yera nayo isanzwe ihagarariye nikel ishingiye kuri ruswa irwanya ruswa. Iyi nikel ishingiye kuri nikel irwanya ruswa ikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibice byibidukikije bitandukanye birwanya ruswa nka peteroli, imiti, n’amashanyarazi.
Nickel ishingiye kuri ruswa irwanya ruswa ahanini ifite imiterere ya austenite. Muburyo bwo gukemura gukomeye no kuvura gusaza, hariho kandi ibyiciro bya intermetallic na carboneitride yicyuma kuri matrix ya austenite nimbibi zimbuto. Amavuta atandukanye arwanya ruswa ashyirwa mubice ukurikije ibiyigize kandi ibiranga ni ibi bikurikira:
Kurwanya ruswa ya Ni-Cu alloy iruta iya nikel mu kugabanya imiyoboro, kandi irwanya ruswa iruta iy'umuringa mu buryo bwa okiside. Ibikoresho byiza bya acide (reba ibyuma byangirika).
Ni-Cr alloy nayo nikel ishingiye kuri nikel; ikoreshwa cyane cyane muri okiside yimiterere yo hagati. Irwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa okiside hamwe na ruswa ya gaze irimo sulfure na vanadium, kandi kurwanya ruswa byiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwa chromium. Iyi mavuta kandi irwanya hydroxide (nka NaOH, KOH) kwangirika no kurwanya ruswa.
Ni-Mo ibinyobwa bikoreshwa cyane cyane mubihe byo kugabanya ruswa. Nimwe mu mavuta meza yo kurwanya ruswa ya hydrochlorike, ariko imbere ya ogisijeni na okiside, kurwanya ruswa bigabanuka cyane.
Amavuta ya Ni-Cr-Mo (W) afite imiterere ya Ni-Cr yavuzwe haruguru hamwe na Ni-Mo. Ahanini ikoreshwa muburyo bwa okiside-kugabanya ivanze. Imiti nk'iyi ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa hydrogène hydrogène, muri aside hydrochloric na aside hydrofluoric aside irimo ogisijeni na okiside, ndetse na gaze ya chlorine itose ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba. Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu alloy ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya aside nitricike na aside sulfurike yangirika, kandi ikagira kandi imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa muri acide zimwe na zimwe za okiside-reductive ivanze.